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Pushpa Shukla, who is known as Chanakya, was the minister and adviser of Emperor Chandragupta Maurya. The text of Chanakya's Arthashastra (Sanskrit: चन्द्रकेय) discusses ways in which a country can become prosperous and wealthy. The text has been influential for centuries after its composition in 400 BCE during the period of the Mauryan empire in India. Written in Sanskrit, it has been translated many times from its original Sanskrit to various languages including English, French, German and Arabic. According to Arthashastra, the ideal form of government is a pragmatic and benevolent autocracy, where a competent king should rule his empire as per the tenets of "Dharma" (morality) and "Artha" (economic prosperity, income security), with "Moksha" (liberation) as the state's ultimate goal. Chanakya considers an ideal ruler to be one who is free from bodily wants, who does not have any physical or material needs – a king should be free from greed and hedonism. Ambitious Raja Bimillar was a minister. He wanted to become King. So he approached to Chandragupta Maurya and Chandragupta Maurya became his friend and he also gave good advice in every situation. Ammardi: "Chandragupta: Tell me, Bimillar, what need do the rulers of the world have for gold and silver when their virtues are enough to make them prosperous?" Bimillar: Śuddharma-jana (righteousness) does not come from wealth. A man's happiness or pleasure depends upon his sense of righteousness or virtue." Ammardi: "Good! You have understood that a man must love righteousness more than he loves wealth. Therefore I recommend that all the kings should be born from virtuous families. And, the king must love learning and be a disciple of a wise holy man." Chandragupta: "Bimillar, if the king treats everyone equally and does not punish those who do not deserve punishment, what could there be to fear from such a king? Chandragupta: "Bimillar, well-behaved people will live in well-behaved countries. The best thing for kings is to punish those who deserve punishment." Chandragupta: "What is the way for good behaviour?" Bimillar: "The world will know righteousness and evil through one man. If he is good, all people will love righteousness and evil will disappear from the earth. If he is evil, though there are hundreds of good men, they will all fail to achieve goodness." Bimillar: "All people are greedy for wealth. All people want to rule the world. That is why there are so many wars." Chandragupta: "A man can become rich only if he does not desire something else to the exclusion of everything else. Therefore, do not desire too much wealth." Chandragupta: "The rulers should be very grateful for two gifts that their teachers give them - learning and wise counsel. At the same time, they must be wary of the teachers who teach false doctrines. cfa1e77820
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